Bangladesh Weighs ‘Islamic NATO’ Defence Pact
Bangladesh is exploring the possibility of joining the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement involving Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey, as Dhaka looks to diversify its strategic partnerships. No formal decision has been announced, and officials say any move would be guided by Bangladesh’s national interests.
Bangladesh Eyes Mecca Joint Defence Agreement
The agreement was signed by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey on August 7 and includes a collective defence provision under which an attack on one member would be treated as an attack on all three.
The framework also envisages deeper cooperation in defence production, technology transfer and joint military exercises. Pakistan Defence Minister Khawaja Asif has publicly expressed support for expanding the grouping into what he described as an “Islamic NATO,” although that is not its official name.
Bangladesh Foreign Affairs Adviser Humaiun Kobir has indicated that Dhaka maintains a positive approach towards possible economic or defence cooperation involving the three countries under its “Bangladesh First” foreign policy.
Saudi Arabia, Turkey Key to Bangladesh Strategy
Saudi Arabia remains economically important to Bangladesh, particularly through remittances and potential investment. The kingdom was Bangladesh’s largest remittance source during the first 11 months of the 2025-26 financial year, contributing around $5.28 billion.
Bangladesh has also strengthened defence cooperation with Turkey, while maintaining longstanding military ties with Pakistan.
Dhaka Faces India, China Balancing Challenge
Any move towards the Mecca pact would require Bangladesh to balance its relationships with India and China while considering domestic sensitivities surrounding Pakistan and the legacy of the 1971 Liberation War.
The agreement’s membership rules and operational mechanisms also remain unclear. Bangladesh has therefore not committed to joining the pact, with discussions currently remaining at an exploratory stage.
