Image Credit: ISRO
ISRO Conducts First Hot Test of Semi-Cryogenic Engine
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) achieved a significant milestone on July 1, 2023, by conducting the first hot test of the Power Head Test Article (PHTA), an intermediate configuration of its semi-cryogenic engine. This test took place at the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, marking a crucial step toward developing a 2000 kN (kilonewton) thrust semi-cryogenic engine intended to power the booster stages of future launch vehicles.
Objectives and Execution of the Hot Test
The primary objective of this hot test was to validate the integrated performance of critical subsystems, including the gas generator, turbo pumps, pre-burner, and control components, through a short-duration hot-firing lasting 4.5 seconds. A key focus was on the ignition and generation of hot gas within the pre-burner chamber, which drives the main turbine responsible for operating the fuel and oxidizer pumps.
During the test, operations proceeded as predicted up to 1.9 seconds, successfully validating the ignition and subsequent performance of the PHTA. However, at 2.0 seconds, an unexpected spike in turbine pressure and a subsequent loss of turbine speed were observed, leading to the precautionary termination of the test. ISRO is currently conducting a detailed analysis to understand these anomalies before proceeding with longer-duration hot tests.
Significance of the Semi-Cryogenic Engine Development
The semi-cryogenic engine under development utilizes a propellant combination of Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Kerosene. This combination offers several advantages over traditional hypergolic propellants, including higher efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reduced environmental impact. The successful development of this engine is expected to enhance the payload capacity and reliability of ISRO’s future launch vehicles.
Dedicated Testing Facilities at IPRC
The hot test was conducted at a dedicated test facility recently established at IPRC for testing semi-cryogenic engines and stages. This state-of-the-art facility is equipped to handle the unique requirements of semi-cryogenic engine testing, ensuring that ISRO can conduct comprehensive evaluations of engine components and integrated systems. The initiation of PHTA testing in May 2023 at this facility underscores ISRO’s commitment to advancing its propulsion technologies.
Future Prospects and Developments
Following the analysis of the current test results, ISRO plans to conduct further hot tests of longer duration to validate the performance and reliability of the semi-cryogenic engine. These forthcoming tests will be crucial in refining the engine design and ensuring its readiness for integration into future launch vehicles. The development of the semi-cryogenic engine represents a pivotal advancement in ISRO’s quest to enhance its launch capabilities and maintain its competitive edge in the global space arena.
The successful execution of the first hot test of the semi-cryogenic engine’s Power Head Test Article signifies a noteworthy achievement for ISRO. It reflects the organization’s dedication to developing advanced propulsion technologies that will play a vital role in the success of India’s future space missions.
