Coal Emissions Slash India’s Rice and Wheat Yields
Recent research has revealed that emissions from coal-fired power plants in India are significantly reducing rice and wheat yields, with some regions experiencing losses exceeding 10%. This decline is primarily attributed to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions, which negatively impact crop health and productivity.
Impact of NO₂ Emissions on Crop Yields
Studies indicate that NO₂ emissions from coal power plants are a major contributor to reduced agricultural output. In states heavily exposed to these emissions, such as West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh, annual crop losses surpass 10%. These declines are equivalent to several years’ worth of average yield growth for both rice and wheat, raising concerns over food security and economic stability.
How Emissions Affect Crops
NO₂ emissions contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter, both of which are harmful to crops. Ozone exposure leads to oxidative stress, causing leaf damage and reducing photosynthesis, while particulate matter decreases sunlight penetration, further hindering plant growth. These factors combined result in a substantial reduction in crop yields.
Regional Impact and Economic Consequences
- Chhattisgarh: This state experiences the highest coal-related NO₂ pollution, particularly during monsoon and winter, leading to severe air pollution and significant crop losses.
- West Bengal: A large portion of cropland near coal plants suffers from yield losses ranging between 5-10%, with some areas facing over 10% declines.
- Madhya Pradesh: A substantial percentage of cropland is affected, with losses exceeding 10% in many areas.
- Uttar Pradesh: Although overall NO₂ levels are high, coal power plants remain a major contributor to wheat yield reductions.
The economic impact of these yield losses is estimated to exceed $800 million annually in wheat and rice production. Given these findings, stricter pollution control measures and a transition toward cleaner energy sources are essential to safeguarding India’s agricultural productivity and food security.
